Politics of Regionalism in Jammu and Kashmir: Historical Evolution, Constitutional Transformation, and Democratic Governance

Abstract

Regionalism has been a central force shaping the political, constitutional, and governance landscape of Jammu and Kashmir. Rooted in the region's historical evolution, geographical diversity, and socio-cultural plurality, it has influenced political representation, Centre–State relations, and regional aspirations across Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh. This paper examines the historical development of regionalism from the Dogra period to the post-independence era and analyses its transformation following the abrogation of Article 370 and the enactment of the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019. It explores the implications of these constitutional changes for democratic governance, regional identity, political participation, and institutional restructuring. Using a qualitative and analytical approach based on constitutional provisions, historical records, government reports, and secondary literature, the study evaluates the changing dynamics of governance and regional politics. The paper argues that while the constitutional transformation seeks to strengthen national integration, administrative efficiency, and development, it has also intensified debates on federalism, autonomy, representation, and democratic legitimacy. It concludes that sustainable peace and effective democratic governance in Jammu and Kashmir require balanced regional development, inclusive political participation, institutional accountability, and continued engagement with the diverse aspirations of all regions within India's constitutional framework.

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